Foreign Languages, Literatures, And Linguistics

This has all the subfields within “Foreign Languages, Literatures, And Linguistics”. This field is for “Instructional programs that focus on foreign languages and literatures, the humanistic and scientific study of linguistics, and the provision of professional interpretation and translation services.”

Clicking on a degree name within a table will link to a page for that degree and field combination.

Foreign Languages and Literatures, General

A general program that focuses on one or more modern foreign languages that is not specific as to the name of the language(s) studied; that is otherwise undifferentiated; or that introduces students to language studies at the basic/elementary level.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 59 424
Bachelors 200 1525
Certificate 36 107
Doctorate 10 29
Masters 37 203

Linguistics

A program that focuses on language, language development, and relationships among languages and language groups from a humanistic and/or scientific perspective. Includes instruction in subjects such as psycholinguistics, behavioral linguistics, language acquisition, sociolinguistics, mathematical and computational linguistics, grammatical theory and theoretical linguistics, philosophical linguistics, philology and historical linguistics, comparative linguistics, phonetics, phonemics, dialectology, semantics, functional grammar and linguistics, language typology, lexicography, morphology and syntax, orthography, stylistics, structuralism, rhetoric, and applications to artificial intelligence.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 5 21
Bachelors 147 1930
Certificate 31 112
Doctorate 59 205
Masters 88 480

Language Interpretation and Translation

A program that prepares individuals to be professional interpreters and/or translators of documents and data files, either from English or (Canadian) French into another language or languages or vice versa. Includes intensive instruction in one or more foreign languages plus instruction in subjects such as single- and multiple-language interpretation, one- or two-way interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, general and literary translation, business translation, technical translation, and other specific applications of linguistic skills.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 16 45
Bachelors 17 48
Certificate 94 727
Doctorate 2 9
Masters 16 170

Comparative Literature

A program that focuses on two or more literary traditions in the original languages or in translation. Includes instruction in comparative linguistics; applicable foreign languages; English/French language and literature; literary criticism; and applications to genre, period, national, and textual studies as well as literary forms such as poetry, prose, and drama.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 2 1
Bachelors 92 533
Certificate 6 18
Doctorate 45 123
Masters 47 169

Applied Linguistics

A program that focuses on language-related concerns in the everyday world, including language education, acquisition of first and additional languages, discourse analysis, language assessment, literacy, and language policy and planning. Includes instruction in linguistic theory; language teaching and learning; discourse analysis; language and cognition; and language, culture, and identity.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 2 1
Bachelors 20 54
Certificate 9 31
Doctorate 3 7
Masters 11 103

African Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on one or more of the languages native to the African continent, including, but not limited to, Bantu languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Niger-Congo languages, Khoisan languages, and the Chadic and Ethiopic languages of the Hamito-Semitic language family. Includes instruction in philology, dialects, and oral and written literatures.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 3 1
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 1 1

East Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the languages of East Asia, including, but not limited to, the Sino-Tibetan, Japanese, and Korean languages. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 17 132
Certificate 4 45
Doctorate 12 30
Masters 13 62

Chinese Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the languages of China and associated dialects and literature. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 13 40
Bachelors 104 364
Certificate 24 112
Doctorate 5 14
Masters 15 26

Japanese Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Japanese language. Includes instruction in philology; Ancient, Medieval, and Modern Japanese; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 32 149
Bachelors 97 561
Certificate 26 195
Doctorate 5 8
Masters 10 12

Korean Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Korean language. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 2 9
Bachelors 12 58
Certificate 8 37
Doctorate 1 1
Masters 1 1

East Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in East Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 9 48
Certificate 1 0
Doctorate 5 20
Masters 6 12

Slavic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the Slavic languages of Central and Eastern Europe. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 16 30
Certificate 4 9
Doctorate 17 23
Masters 19 36

Russian Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Russian language. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 5 3
Bachelors 126 218
Certificate 11 17
Doctorate 3 0
Masters 7 11

Polish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Polish language. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 5 0

Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian Languages and Literatures

A program that focuses on the Bosnian, Serbian and/or Croatian languages. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 0

Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the Germanic languages of Western, Central, and Northern Europe. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 1 0
Bachelors 15 40
Certificate 4 31
Doctorate 10 6
Masters 11 13

German Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the German language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 17 19
Bachelors 309 419
Certificate 31 108
Doctorate 34 48
Masters 58 74

Scandinavian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on one or more of the languages, literatures, and linguistics of the peoples of Scandinavia and associated Northern European island groups. Programs may involve multiple languages and language families, not be specific as to the name of the language(s) studied, or be otherwise undifferentiated.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 8 6
Doctorate 2 0
Masters 3 2

Danish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Danish language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 3

Dutch/Flemish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Dutch language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; literature; Dutch Creoles; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 3 0

Norwegian Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Norwegian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 4 4
Certificate 1 3

Swedish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Swedish language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 2 1

Germanic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in Germanic languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 4 3

Modern Greek Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the development and use of the Greek language in the period dating from the late 15th century to the present. Includes instruction in modern Greek literature, current Greek dialects, and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 3 0
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 1 0

South Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the languages, literatures, and linguistics of the peoples of the Indian subcontinent and associated borderlands and island groups.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 2 0
Doctorate 1 1
Masters 1 5

Hindi Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Hindi language, antecessors, and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; Modern Hindi; Hindustani; related dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 0

Sanskrit and Classical Indian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on Sanskrit and related ancient and classical Indo-Aryan languages. Includes instruction in Vedic and Classical Sanskrit, Pali and other Prakrits, and the historical development of Indo-Aryan languages and their relation to Indo-European languages such as Greek, Latin and the Baltic languages.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Certificate 2 3
Masters 2 5

South Asian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in South Asian languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Certificate 2 0
Masters 1 0

Iranian Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on the languages used in ancient, medieval, and modern Iran and its border regions, including modern Persian, Avestan/Old Persian, and related modern and extinct languages. Includes instruction in applications of modern Persian and other languages in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 2 2
Doctorate 2 0
Masters 2 1

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the Romance languages of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 36 81
Doctorate 14 35
Masters 18 71

French Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the French language and related dialects and creoles. Includes instruction in philology; Metropolitan French; Canadian French; African and Caribbean Creoles; dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 40 89
Bachelors 507 961
Certificate 50 174
Doctorate 44 77
Masters 90 167

Italian Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Italian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 18 25
Bachelors 117 101
Certificate 16 66
Doctorate 16 22
Masters 30 31

Portuguese Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Portuguese language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; Metropolitan Portuguese; Luso-Brazilian Portuguese; dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 30 31
Certificate 4 4
Doctorate 6 6
Masters 11 10

Spanish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Spanish language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; Modern Castillan; Latin American and regional Spanish dialects; and applications in business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 136 978
Bachelors 826 4789
Certificate 143 705
Doctorate 49 146
Masters 145 592

Hispanic and Latin American Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A program that focuses on the languages and literatures of the Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas of the world, including the Iberian, Latin American, and Lusophone worlds. Includes instruction in Spanish and Portuguese language and linguistics; regional and Latin American dialects; and Spanish, Portuguese, Spanish American, Luso-Brazilian, and Chicano literature.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 25 159
Certificate 6 303
Doctorate 8 26
Masters 12 30

Romance Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in Romance languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 12 37
Certificate 3 3
Doctorate 8 33
Masters 8 27

American Indian/Native American Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on one or more of the languages native to the Western Hemisphere, with an emphasis on American Indian languages, but including other Native American languages. Includes instruction in philology; oral and written literatures; Inuit and Aleut languages; North American language families, including, but not limited to, Algonkian, Athabascan, Siouan, Muskogean, Iroquoian, Kumeyaay, Yuman, Mayan, Zapotecan, and Uto-Aztecan; South American language families, including, but not limited to, Andean-Equatorial, Ge-Pano-Carib, and Macro-Chibchan; and other minor languages.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 7 1
Bachelors 5 3
Certificate 17 27
Masters 2 15

Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on one or more of the Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic languages of the ancient and modern Middle/Near East, Western Asia, North Africa, and Europe. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 5 18
Doctorate 5 10
Masters 6 11

Arabic Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Arabic language. Includes instruction in philology; Classical Arabic; Modern Standard Arabic; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 7 37
Bachelors 41 140
Certificate 22 67
Doctorate 2 0
Masters 7 51

Hebrew Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Hebrew language. Includes instruction in philology; Biblical Hebrew (including Pre- and Post-Exilic scripts); Modern Hebrew; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 17 6
Certificate 2 4
Doctorate 3 6
Masters 3 6

Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on one or more of the extinct Semitic and/or Non-Semitic languages spoken in the ancient Near East, including those used to write historical Jewish and Christian religious texts. These languages include, but are not limited to, Egyptian/Coptic, Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Aramaic, Cannanite, Phonecian, Samarian, Ugaritic, Syriac, Mandean, Hattic, Elamite, Hurrian, Hittite, Urartian, Lydian, Luwian, Lycian, Palaic, Sabaean/South Arabian, and other associated languages. Includes instruction in philology, epigraphy, papyrology, numismatics, and textual studies.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 17 27
Certificate 3 0
Doctorate 2 1
Masters 7 31

Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in Middle/Near Eastern and Semitic languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 8 31
Certificate 3 4
Doctorate 7 32
Masters 8 17

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, General

A general program that focuses on the literary culture of the ancient Graeco-Roman world and the Greek and Latin languages and literatures and their development prior to the fall of the Roman Empire.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 1 2
Bachelors 246 725
Certificate 11 8
Doctorate 43 76
Masters 63 155

Ancient/Classical Greek Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Greek language and literature from its origins through the fall of the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, as a secular and/or theological subject. Includes instruction in philology, Attic and Hellenistic dialects, Koine (Biblical) Greek, and Medieval or Byzantine Greek.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 51 14
Certificate 4 6
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 6 2

Latin Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Latin language and literature from its origins through its decline and its current ecclesiastical usage, as a secular and/or theological subject. Includes instruction in philology, related Italic dialects, Late Roman and Medieval Latin, and modern Church Latin.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 1 0
Bachelors 69 36
Certificate 6 3
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 11 11

Classics and Classical Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in classics and classical languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 24 20
Certificate 3 6
Masters 2 33

Celtic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on the historical and modern languages spoken by the Celtic peoples of the British Isles, Continental Europe, and Asia Minor, including, but not limited to, modern languages such as Irish, Scots Gaelic, Welsh, and Breton; and extinct or revived languages such as Cornish, Manx, Galatian, and others. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 3 0
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 1 4

Australian/Oceanic/Pacific Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on the languages native to Papua/New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand, and the island groups of the Pacific Ocean, including, but not limited to, the Papuan languages, the Australian languages, the Micronesian languages, and the Polynesian languages. Includes instruction in philology; linguistics; dialects and pidgins; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Certificate 1 5

Indonesian/Malay Languages and Literatures

A program that focuses on the Malay and Indonesian languages. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 0

Filipino/Tagalog Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the modern Filipino/Tagalog language as used in the Philippines. Includes instruction in philology; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 9
Certificate 1 2

Thai Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Thai languages. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 0

Vietnamese Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Vietnamese language. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; literature; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 1 3

Hawaiian Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Hawaiian language and related dialects. Includes instruction in philology; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Doctorate 1 2
Masters 1 0

Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in Southeast Asian and Australasian/Pacific languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Certificate 1 9

Turkish Language and Literature

A program that focuses on the Turkish language in either or both of its pre-modern and modern variants. Includes instruction in philology; Ottoman Turkish; Modern Turkish; dialects; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 0
Certificate 1 0
Doctorate 1 0
Masters 1 0

Uralic Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics

A program that focuses on Uralic languages, including, but not limited to, Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, and Sami. Includes instruction in philology; oral and written literatures; and applications to business, science/technology, and other settings.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 1

American Sign Language (ASL)

A program that focuses on American Sign Language as a visual and motor medium of communication and discourse for deaf individuals and deaf culture. Includes instruction in the development of ASL, ASL morphology and syntax, signing technique, English translation of ASL, formal and colloquial ASL, and ASL transcription.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 52 362
Bachelors 23 132
Certificate 61 432
Masters 2 50

Linguistics of ASL and Other Sign Languages

A program that focuses on the scientific and scholarly study of the development, structure, and use of American Sign Language (ASL) and other visual signed languages, both as vehicles for communication within the deaf community and in relation to spoken and written languages. Includes instruction in cognitive linguistics; ASL and sign language phonology, syntax, and morphology; sociolinguistics of the deaf community; comparative linguistics; and studies of specific sign languages, including, but not limited to, ASL, Auslan (Australian Sign Language), LSF (French Sign Language), Shuwa jiten (Japanese Sign Language), HamNoSys (German Sign Language), and Gestuno.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Doctorate 1 4
Masters 2 20

Sign Language Interpretation and Translation

A program that prepares individuals to function as simultaneous interpreters of American Sign Language

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 97 578
Bachelors 36 434
Certificate 91 565
Doctorate 1 3
Masters 5 80

American Sign Language, Other

Any instructional program that focuses on American Sign Language as a communication medium or language skill that is not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Bachelors 1 1
Certificate 2 6

English as a Second Language

A program that focuses on the development of proficiency in reading, writing, and speaking English for those for whom English is not their mother tongue. Includes instruction in the use of basic communication skills to develop and transmit ideas and thoughts in English as well as specialized programs that focus on the development of proficiency in English sufficient to meet specific occupational or academic demands. Note: These programs are for academic credit towards a postsecondary credential. For second language programs that are not for academic credit towards a postsecondary credential, see 32.0109.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Certificate 15 210
Masters 3 24

Foreign Languages, Literatures, and Linguistics, Other

Any instructional program in foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics not listed above.

Degree Schools offering Degrees completed
Associates 8 32
Bachelors 44 195
Certificate 24 214
Doctorate 6 19
Masters 8 20